Island biogeography is an important subject for several reasons. First, it has been and remains a field which feeds ideas, theories, models, and tests of same into ecology, evolutionary biology, and biogeography. This is because islands provide natural scientists with model systems—replicated and simplified contexts—allowing us to isolate particular factors and processes and to explore their effects. Secondly, some of these theories have had great weight placed upon them in applications in nature conservation, as scientists and conservationists attempt to understand, predict and manage the biodiversity impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation. Thirdly, in our modern age of anthropogenic extinctions, islands qualify as ‘hotspots’: combining the attributes of high levels of unique biodiversity, of recent species extinctions, and of likely future species losses. The protection of the unique biological features of island ecosystems presents us with a considerable challenge, not only ecologically, but also because of the fragmented nature of the resource, scattered across all parts of the globe and all political systems, and generally below the horizons of even global media networks. It is our hope that this book will foster an increased interest in island ecology, evolution, and conservation and that it will be of value for students and researchers working in the fields of the life and environmental sciences.
This second edition is built upon the foundations of the first edition but has been substantially reorganized and updated to reflect what we consider the most important developments in island biogeography over the last decade. As will become evident to those who dip into this volume, we cover a great deal more than the biology of the systems. Indeed, we have expanded our coverage of the developmental history and environmental dynamics of islands in this second edition. Much fascinating new work has been published in this arena, and it is proving to be fundamental to improving our understanding of island evolution and ecology.
Another feature of this revision is the inclusion of a great deal of material on the island region of Macaronesia (the Happy Islands), and particularly of the Canaries. These islands are the Atlantic equivalent of Hawaii and the Galápagos, providing a rich mix of geological and evolutionary–ecological insights on the one hand and biodiversity conservation problems on the other. Much new and exciting work has been published on these islands since the first edition of this book was written, and we were keen to bring some of this work to the attention of a wider audience of students and scholars.
Island biogeography is a dynamic field. Whilst many ideas and themes have long pedigrees, new ideas, and insights continue to be generated, often building on long-running debates. We have attempted to reflect the diversity of viewpoints and interpretations within the field, although inevitably the selection of material reflects our own biases and interests.
There are many people we would like to thank, not least our students and the members of our research groups, with whom we have enjoyed illuminating discussions on many island themes. Ian Sherman, our editor at OUP, provided encouragement, help, and good advice at all stages of the project, and we thank him, Stefanie Gehrig, and their colleagues at the Press, for all their efforts. We thank the following colleagues for variously commenting on draft material, supplying answers to queries, and discussion of ideas: Gregory H. Adler, Rubén Barone, Paulo Borges, Pepe Carrillo, James H. Brown, Juan Domingo Delgado, Lawrence Heaney, Scott Henderson, Paco Hernán, Joaquín Hortal, Hugh Jenkyns, Richard Ladle, Mark Lomolino, Águedo Marrero, Aurelio Martín, Bob McDowall, Leopoldo Moro, Manuel Nogales, Pedro Oromí, Jonathan Price, Mike Rosenzweig, Dov Sax, Ángel Vera, and James Watson. All errors and omissions are of course our own to claim. Most of the figures were drawn by Ailsa Allen. Sue Stokes helped in compilation of material. We are grateful to those individuals and organizations who granted permission for the reproduction of copyright material: the derivation of which is indicated in the relevant figure and table legends, supported by the bibliography. Finally, we thank our families, Angela, Mark, and Claire and Neli, José Mari, and Quique, for all their support and tolerance during the preparation of this book. (Robert J.Whittaker and José Maria Fernández-Palacios)
Apreciem sem moderação.
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