2014 - McDonald - Handbook of Biological Statistics 3ª Edição

 

"Welcome to the Third Edition of the Handbook of Biological Statistics! This textbook evolved from a set of notes for my Biological Data Analysis class at the University of Delaware. My main goal in that class is to teach biology students how to choose the appropriate statistical test for a particular experiment, then apply that test and interpret the results. In my class and in this textbook, I spend relatively little time on the mathematical basis of the tests; for most biologists, statistics is just a useful tool, like a microscope, and knowing the detailed mathematical basis of a statistical test is as unimportant to most biologists as knowing which kinds of glass were used to make a microscope lens. Biologists in very statistics-intensive fields, such as ecology, epidemiology, and systematics, may find this handbook to be a bit superficial for their needs, just as a biologist using the latest techniques in 4-D, 3-photon confocal microscopy needs to know more about their microscope than someone who’s just counting the hairs on a fly’s back. But I hope that biologists in many fields will find this to be a useful introduction to statistics.

I have provided a spreadsheet to perform many of the statistical tests. Each comes with sample data already entered; just download the spreadsheet, replace the sample data with your data, and you’ll have your answer. The spreadsheets were written for Excel, but they should also work using the free program Calc, part of the OpenOffice.org suite of programs. If you’re using OpenOffice.org, some of the graphs may need re-formatting, and you may need to re-set the number of decimal places for some numbers. Let me know if you have a problem using one of the spreadsheets, and I’ll try to fix it.

I’ve also linked to a web page for each test wherever possible. I found most of these web pages using John Pezzullo’s excellent list of Interactive Statistical Calculation Pages (www.statpages.org), which is a good place to look for information about tests that are not discussed in this handbook.

There are instructions for performing each statistical test in SAS, as well. It’s not as easy to use as the spreadsheets or web pages, but if you’re going to be doing a lot of advanced statistics, you’re going to have to learn SAS or a similar program sooner or later." (John H. McDonald)

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2017 - Calado et al. (Eds.) - Marine ornamental species aquaculture

 

"The global trade of aquatic organisms for home and public aquariums, along with associated equipment and accessories, has become a multi‐billion dollar industry. Although marine species made up less than 10% of the total volume of ornamental trade, the percentage in terms of value is much higher and increasing in recent years. The vast majority of marine species are collected from the Southeastern Asian countries (especially the Philippines and Indonesia) and exported to North America, Japan and Europe, and in more recent years China. For both freshwater and marine aquarium species, fish is the dominant group, although in the last 25 years, the marine aquarium trade has seen a shift in consumer preference from fish‐only aquariums to miniature reef ecosystems, resulting in the trading of many invertebrate species associated with the coral reefs (e.g., anemones, jellyfish, shrimp and other decapods, starfish and urchins, and molluscs). An estimated 27 million marine ornamental fish (Townsend, 2011) from over 1800 species (Rhyne et al., 2012) and hundreds of coral and other invertebrate species are traded. Scuba diving opened up habitats that until then were inaccessible. Color photography made it possible to document the beauty of living animals. Interestingly, photography, the number one hobby, certainly facilitates the aquarium keeping, the second most popular hobby.

Much progress has been made in the breeding and aquaculture of marine ornamental species in the last 10 to 20 years. CORAL Magazine lists the number of captive‐bred marine aquarium fish species, with more than 30 new species over the 2013 list, bringing the total to over 250 species (Sweet, 2014). However, for most of these species, it will be quite some time before they can be supplied to the aquarium trade at reasonable prices through commercial production. In contrast to the traded freshwater fish species, about 90% of which are captive bred, (much) less than 10% of the marine ornamental species traded are from aquaculture. Virtually all of the marine fishes and invertebrates marketed in the aquarium trade industry are collected from coral reef ecosystems. Extensive and destructive collection of these animals, such as use of cyanide and coral breaking and smashing, can directly deplete the target species and indirectly damage delicate coral reef ecosystems that are already under serious threats from global climate change, pollution and other anthropogenic impacts. Aquaculture of marine ornamental species, still in its infancy, is recognized as a viable alternative to wild collection as it can supplement or replace the supply of wild caught specimens and potentially help recover natural populations through restocking. However, there are still many challenges that need to be overcome. Life history and other basic scientific knowledge are unknown for most species. Broodstock management, spawning induction, larval rearing, nutrition, live feed, diseases, systems, and cost are some of the obstacles for commercial production.

Information on aquarium animal keeping, spawning and culture, is widely distributed in trade magazines, journals, newsletters and websites (largely contributed by hobbyists and public aquariums), and increasingly, in scientific publications. Although there are a few reviews and books on aquaculture of specific groups, such as fish (e.g., Moorhead & Zeng, 2010) and shrimp (e.g., Calado, 2008), there has not been a comprehensive overview of marine ornamental aquaculture. The current book fills this critical gap and provides a valuable resource for research and development of marine ornamental aquaculture. The editors have assembled a great panel of international experts to cover a broad field of marine ornamental aquaculture and related topics, including major groups of fish and invertebrates traded in the marine aquarium industry, culture systems, nutrition, diseases, marketing, packing and shipping, and conservation. While the book is not designed as a manual for culturing specific species or groups, it does provide up‐to‐date information and guidance for overcoming the major bottlenecks in developing commercial production for more marine ornamental species."

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2021 - Rezende & Fujimoto (Eds.) - Peixes ornamentais no Brasil Volume 1: Mercado, legislação, sistemas de produção e sanidade

 

"O aquarismo é um passatempo que cresceu no século 20 e segue em franco crescimento no século atual, especialmente graças à verticalização nas cidades. Uma forte indústria de insumos – rações, aditivos para condicionamento da água de aquários e lagos, aditivos para controle e profilaxia de enfermidades, sistemas de iluminação, filtragem e climatização desses ambientes –, incluindo-se os organismos ornamentais, está consolidada para dar suporte a esse passatempo.

No Brasil, a piscicultura ornamental tem crescido e se tecnificado para suprir a demanda do mercado por animais de melhor qualidade e por novidades. Porém, a produção de peixes ornamentais em cativeiro ainda está aquém do que se observa em outros países produtores e, principalmente, do potencial do País. Além disso, alguns peixes ornamentais nativos que abastecem o mercado de aquarismo internacional são oriundos do extrativismo, que pode comprometer a sustentabilidade da cadeia produtiva.

Esses entraves e demandas tecnológicas foram percebidos na cadeia produtiva pelos pesquisadores e colaboradores que compõem o livro e pela execução do projeto Peixes ornamentais: demandas e desafios de um setor emergente no Brasil, o qual compõe o Portfólio de Projetos em Aquicultura da Embrapa.

O presente livro representa o conhecimento científico e a experiência dos seus colaboradores de múltiplas instituições. Neste volume, o histórico da piscicultura ornamental é apresentado, assim como sua importância para o setor agropecuário."

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2021 - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine - Data and Management Strategies for Recreational Fisheries with Annual Catch Limits

 

"The collection of catch data on marine recreational fisheries is difficult, complex, and different from data collection for commercial fisheries. The complexity of recreational fisheries comes from the vast number of species, fishers, entry locations, fishing seasons, and recreational fishers’ objectives⎯from enjoying a day in nature to catching dinner. 

As the magnitude and relevance of recreational fisheries increase, so does the demand for better data collection systems.  In 2017, the National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), also known as NOAA Fisheries, requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, or “The National Academies,” review the Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP). This national program provides recreational catch data to support the needs of fisheries scientists and managers who are responsible for conducting assessments of fish stocks and establishing fishing regulations to ensure the sustainable management and use of U.S. fisheries resources. The National Academies convened an ad hoc committee that assessed progress in updating marine recreational fisheries data collection through MRIP over the previous decade, and identified potential areas for improvements or modifications to the program that would increase data quality for sustainable fisheries management. That committee released the report Review of the Marine Recreational Information Program, which concluded that the difficulties of estimating recreational catches in an accurate, precise, and timely manner with sufficient spatio-temporal resolution to inform in-season monitoring and management against annual catch limits (ACLs) may result in management problems for recreational and mixed-use fisheries. These difficulties may also lead to an erosion of trust in the management system among recreational fisheries stakeholders. 

While NOAA Fisheries has made improvements to the MRIP program since 2017, questions remain regarding outstanding challenges limiting the extent to which current survey methods in each region meet the needs of the defined in-season management of recreational fisheries with ACLs. In some cases, adherence to ACLs requires short recreational fishing seasons, which complicates data collection, monitoring, and management. This observation is not new, and warrants the consideration of alternate approaches to optimize MRIP data and complementary data for in-season management.  In 2018, the Modernizing Recreational Fisheries Management Act underscored the many differences between commercial and recreational fisheries management, and called for a new National Academies study on how well the MRIP meets the needs of in-season management of fisheries with ACLs as well as how survey methods or management strategies might be modified to better meet those needs. The National Academies convened the Committee on Data and Management Strategies for Recreational Fisheries with Annual Catch Limits in 2020 to conduct this study. This report is a result of that effort. 

This report captures the collective wisdom of some of the nation’s leading experts in survey sampling and recreational fisheries data and management. I want to express my deep appreciation to every member of the committee for his or her attention, thoughtfulness, and hard work, as well as their wonderful collegiality. 

The committee is grateful to NOAA Fisheries for their responsiveness to the many questions and requests for information while developing this report. In particular, we thank the MRIP staff and Gordon Colvin for his guidance throughout the study process. The committee is also grateful to the many individuals who played a role in completing this study. The committee met seven times throughout the course of the study, and would like to extend its thanks to all the individuals from regional councils, NOAA Fisheries, state fisheries agencies, recreational and commercial fisheries organizations, environmental conservation organizations, and others who appeared before the full committee, or provided background information and discussed relevant issues. 

Lastly, the committee extends its sincere appreciation to our superb National Academies’ staff for their valuable support and many contributions to the project. Study Director Stacee Karras, Assistant Study Director Alexandra Skrivanek, and Senior Program Assistant Trent Cummings were instrumental in keeping the project on course and ensuring the timely completion of the report without compromising quality. Working with this team has been a pleasure and a privilege." (Luiz Barbieri, Committee Chair, Committee on Data and Management Strategies for Recreational Fisheries with Annual Catch Limits)

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