2008 - Carson & Schnitzer (Eds.) - Tropical Forest Community Ecology

 

"It is not hyperbole to say that there has been an explosion of research on tropical forest ecology over the past few decades. The establishment of large forest dynamics plots in tropical forests worldwide, in and of itself, has led to a near revolution in our understanding of forest change. In addition, there has been a substantial increase in the use of models and experiments to test longstanding theories developed to explain the striking patterns found in tropical forests and the putative mechanisms that underlie these patterns. When we started this project, we felt that a comprehensive synthesis of tropical forest community ecology was necessary in order to help the field move forward. Of course, no single volume could do this. Nonetheless, this book is our attempt to make a significant contribution to the field, and to ask anew: What are the main theories in tropical ecology, and which ones are supported or refuted by empirical data? Thus, we have attempted to assemble a volume that describes the most up-to-date findings on the important theories of tropical forest community ecology. We hope that this book accomplishes this goal to the degree possible, while at the same time providing a road map of what we know, what we think we know, and where future research is most needed.

The focus of the chapters in the volume is at the community level because this is where some of the most fundamental questions in tropical ecology exist. Indeed, perhaps the greatest challenge to community ecologist is to explain what processes account for the maintenance of the staggering diversity of plants and animals common in tropical forests around the globe. Still, our emphasis on communities definitely reflects our bias as community ecologists. While we have focused on communities, we certainly recognize the important contributions to tropical ecology that have come from those who study different levels of ecological organization. Indeed, it is difficult to understand communities without understanding the ecology of populations and individuals. We decided to focus on forest communities because, to date, that is where the bulk of research on tropical community ecology has been conducted. We acknowledge that our focus has forced us to omit many important studies. Nonetheless, the emphasis on tropical forest community ecology provides enough material to fill multiple edited volumes, and thus we have attempted to focus on the areas that have received the most empirical attention, along with some topics that are currently nascent, but are rapidly becoming key areas in tropical ecology.

Each chapter in this book was reviewed by at least two relevant experts. We thank these reviewers for their efforts and we are indebted to all of them. We will not list them by name, thus allowing them to remain anonymous. We also thank the production team at Newgen Imaging Systems, and our editors at Blackwell for guiding us through the publication process.

This book, as with all edited volumes, would not have been possible without the dedicated contributions of the authors, each of whom is an expert in his or her respective area of study. For their hard work, truly top-notch contributions, and their patience throughout this process, we owe them a great deal of gratitude. This book is a tribute to their research, along with the research of all of the other scientists whose work is cited in this volume." (Walter P. Carson & Stefan A. Schnitzer)

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2014 - Macedo & Machado (Eds.) - Sexual Selection: Perspectives and Models from the Neotropics

"Sexual Selection: Perspectives and Models from the Neotropics presents new sexual selection research based upon neotropical species. As neotropical regions are destroyed at an alarming rate, with an estimated 140 species of rainforest plants and animals going extinct every day, it is important to bring neotropical research to the fore now.

Sexual selection occurs when the male or female of a species is attracted by certain characteristics such as form, color or behavior. When those features lead to a greater probability of successful mating, they become more prominent in the species. Although most theoretical concepts concerning sexual selection and reproductive strategies are based upon North American and European fauna, the Neotropical region encompasses much more biodiversity, with as many as 15,000 plant and animal species in a single acre of rain forest.

This book illustrates concepts in sexual selection through themes ranging from female cryptic choice in insects, sexual conflict in fish, interaction between sexual selection and the immune system, nuptial gifts, visual and acoustic sexual signaling, parental investment, to alternative mating strategies, among others. These approaches distinguish Sexual Selection from current publications in sexual selection, mainly because of the latitudinal and taxonomic focus, so that readers will be introduced to systems mostly unknown outside the tropics, several of which bring into question some well-established patterns for temperate regions."

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2010 - Jørgensen & Joss (Eds.) - The Biology of Lungfishes

 

"Since the last comprehensive monograph on lungfishes appeared in 1987, edited by Bemis, Burggren and Kemp, much new information has appeared concerning this little clade (Nelson 2006). This is the main reason for the present collection of reviews on some of the most important aspects of lungfi sh biology. We believe that the unique position between fi shes and tetrapods will make this book of interest not only to scientists but also to the general reader with an interest in evolution and biology of the vertebrates. 

It is a pleasure to thank the contributors of the chapters for devoting their time to create a treatise like this to share their knowledge with everyone. We are also indebted to the reviewers who committed time and talent to ensure the excellent quality of each contribution." (Jean Joss and Jørgen Mørup Jørgensen)

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2013 - Levin - Encyclopedia of Biodiversity 2ª Edição

 

"Twelve years have passed since the appearance of the First Edition of the Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, and a great deal has transpired. We continue to lose biodiversity at rates and in ways that severely threaten the services that humans derive from ecosystems. Attention to biodiversity and sustainability has led to major scientific advances, though the efforts to implement the necessary changes in policy to limit our losses remain elusive. As Edward O. Wilson pointed out in his Foreword to the First Edition, reprinted in this Edition, the pathway to address the great challenge we face will be more easily traveled as we accumulate more and more information, organized in a way that is accessible to practicing scientists, to students, to the public, and especially to the decision makers in industry and governments who hold the keys to success. With this in mind, it became essential to update the Encyclopedia of Biodiversity to reflect the new information and scientific advances that have arisen in the past dozen years.

The Second Edition retains the same breadth across the basic and applied dimensions as did the First Edition. The great majority of entries from the First Edition have been revised to reflect the changes that have taken place, or in some cases replaced by entirely new contributions. In addition, the scope of the coverage has been expanded substantially, to broader treatment of emergent scientific advances in subjects like the microbial ecology of the oceans, landscape ecology, conservation biology, and ecological economics. In all, in addition to those that have been substantially revised, there are nearly 100 completely new articles to complement the solid foundation that already existed. These include articles that broaden the general scientific foundations of the subject of biodiversity, like the  measurement and estimation of species richness, as well as the application of those basic principles to management problems.

New entries expand the coverage of areas that have grown in importance in the past decade; elucidation of the importance of ecosystem services, for example, has provided a way to connect biodiversity to the economic forces that impacts it, and has stimulated major scientific advances in the past decade in terms of how to measure and protect those services. The linkages to economics more generally have provided aframework for addressing the loss of biodiversity by understanding what drives anthropogenic impacts, and how we might manage the Commons we all share. These issues have been covered in much greater depth in this new Edition, along with other issues related to climate change, land use, biofuels, and the growing subject of conservation biology.

I am extremely grateful to the excellent staff that assisted in the preparation of this edition but especially to the associate editors who advised on whom to invite, aided with invitations, shepherded manuscripts through the process, and eventually read final drafts. Katarzyna Miklaszewska, Elsevier’s in-house editor, was remarkable at every stage of the process, and it has been a pleasure to work with her; she minimized damage from the unavoidable glitches that developed along the way, and maintained a cheery demeanor while guiding the Encyclopedia to completion. Chris Morris, who was indispensable in the production of the First Edition, rejoined our efforts to update the excellent Glossary he produced the first time through. Also thanks are due to Carole Levin, for her patience throughout the whole process.

The urgency of addressing the loss of biodiversity is greater now than it was a decade ago, and undoubtedly will be greater yet in another decade. The science has grown to match, spilling over into disciplines like genomics, economics, sociology, psychology, and ethics. A decade from now, most likely, a new Edition will be needed. For now, however, this Edition represents the state of the art, covering the latest advances in a rapidly changing subject. I am pleased to be a part of what has been a very satisfying partnership with Elsevier, our editors, and our authors." (Simon Levin)

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2018 - Gasol & Kirchman (Eds.) - Microbial ecology of the oceans 3ª Edição

"The first edition of Microbial Ecology of the Oceans was published almost 20 years ago, and the second edition reached the bookstores nearly 10 years ago. It is about time for a third edition. This one, like the second edition, is not a revision but really a new book. In addition to having new topics, the book has subjects that had been dealt with in previous versions but have been approached from a different point of view, usually by different authors. This third edition, however, has the same audience as the other two editions: advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and colleagues from other fields wishing to learn about microbes and the processes they mediate in marine systems. As we discuss in Chapter 1, aquatic microbial ecology has become a well‐established discipline that is still growing in size and attracting practitioners from other disciplines. This book is for students and colleagues looking for an updated view of some aspects of the field, written at an accessible level. Although a multi‐authored book of limited size can never be a proper textbook, the various editions of the book—combined, can be used as one—with the additional advantage that together they reflect the evolution of the field (or so we hope). This edition does not replace the two previous ones even if some subjects have advanced more than others since 2000. Although some chapters of the previous editions might now seem old, most are still useful for a basic course in marine microbial ecology or microbial oceanography.

In the introductory chapter to the first edition, Kirchman and Williams argued that it probably would take much less than 20 years of work to fill another book titled Microbial Ecology of the Oceans. Well, two further editions have appeared in nearly 20 years, yet by far not all relevant issues are touched on by the three books, as we discuss in Chapter 1. A new edition is necessarily incomplete. Because only a few chapters can fit in a book like this one, we must necessarily select subjects that we believe relevant, that have clearly changed significantly in the last 10 years or that reflect new ways in which we see our science. We would be rewarded if the different views taken by the authors stimulate further innovative research. One disclaimer: This book is planktocentric. This probably reflects our training and interests and also the setting in which we work, surrounded by oceanographers and biogeochemists. We considered having chapters on the benthic habitat (there was one in the second edition), as well as special habitats like sea ice, polluted environments, hydrothermal vents, or the microbiomes of large eukaryotic plants and animals. But this would have increased the size of the book in unaffordable ways or would have been a partial view of a growing field (e.g., microbiomes).

In addition to presenting the science, we would like to contribute to how it is executed. We think the field is still very much compartmentalized. Often researchers focused on phytoplankton do not deal with bacteria or archaea, or those that have viruses as their target do not care much about what protist people do. In the same way, sponge microbiome people interact little with plankton ecologists, except when they have new methods in common. Some of the chapters in this third edition have a focus on bacteria or phytoplankton or viruses, but several are cross‐cutting and include both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, or because they are more biogeochemical, deal with several groups of organisms. We hope to contribute to breaking down the barriers between topics in marine microbial ecology.

Are textbooks still needed? Both editors of this book recently had to clean out their offices for renovation. We threw away whole collections of journals and hundreds of reprints. To (maybe) the despair of science historians, we threw away letters and preprints and submitted (and rejected!) versions of manuscripts, but neither of us threw out any relevant books, even textbooks from the last century. We hope the previous editions of Microbial Ecology of the Oceans, and this new one, will stand in libraries and remain in your office for years in the future even when renovation comes along.

We thank everyone that has been involved in this third edition, especially the authors that contributed manuscripts and the reviewers of the book syllabus and of the various chapters. In some cases, authors of this edition or of chapters in previous editions served as reviewers. In particular, we would like to thank Claudia Benitez‐Nelson, Alison Buchan, Craig Carlson, Matt Church, Byron Crump, Paul del Giorgio, Virgina Edgcomb, Kyle Edwards, Zoe Finkel, Hans‐Peter Grossart, Åke Hagström, Thomas Kiørboe, Emilio Marañón, Ramon Massana, Mark Moore, Mary Ann Moran, Mark Saito, Ruth‐Anne Sandaa, Marta Sebastián, Evelyn and Barry Sherr, Meinhard Simon, Osvaldo Ulloa, Daniel Vaulot, and Erik Wommack. We especially thank Clara Ruiz‐González for the figures in Chapter 1, and our students and colleagues (some contributed to compiling Table 1.1) for discussion about many aspects of the book." (Josep M. Gasol & David L. Kirchman)

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2006 - Sadava et al. - Life: The Science of Biology 8th Edition

 

"As active scientists working in a wide variety of both basic and applied biology, we are fortunate to be part of a field that is not only fascinating but also changes rapidly. It is apparent not just in the time span since we started our careers-we see it every day when we open a newspaper or a scientific journal. As educators of both introductory and advanced-level students, we desire to convey our excitement about biology's dynamic nature. 

This new edition of Life looks, and is, quite different from its predecessors. In planning the Eighth Edition, we focused on three fundamental goals, The first was to maintain and enhance what has worked well in the past-an emphasis on not just what we know but how we came to know it; the incorporation of exciting new discoveries; an art program distinguished by its beauty and clarity; plus a unifying theme, As should be the case in any biology textbook, that theme is evolution by natural selection, a 150-year-old idea that more than ever ties together the living world. We have been greatly helped in this endeavor by the addition of a new author, David Hillis, His knowledge and insights have been invaluable in developing our chapters on evolution, phylogeny, and diversity, and they permeatp thp rest of the book as well. 

Our second goal has been to make Life more pedagogically accessible, From the bold new design to the inclusion of numerous learning aids throughout each chapter (see New Pedagogical Features), we have worked to make our writing consistently easy to follow as well as engaging. 

Third, between editions we asked seven distinguished ecologists-ail of whom teach introductory biology-to provide detailed critiques of the Ecology unit. As a result of their extensive suggestions, Part Nine, Ecology, has a fresh organization (see The Nine Parts), And one of the seven, May Berenbaum, has agreed to join the Life author team for the Ninth Edition. The other six stalwarts are thanked in the "Reviewers of the Eighth Edition"section..." (David Sadava, Craig Heller, Gordon Orians, Bill Purves & David Hillis)

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2008 - Jorgensen - Encyclopedia of Ecology, Five-Volume Set, Volume 1-5

 

"Ecology is the science of the interrelations between living organisms and their environments. These interrelations are complex, varied, and hierarchical. As such, it is a broad and diverse discipline that covers topics from natural selection to population dynamics to biogeochemistry to ecosystem health and sustainability. Our aim in this compendium is to aggregate, in one major reference work, a thorough overview that does justice to this diversity and, at the same time, makes connections between the topics. The result is the five-volume work before you, containing over 530 expertly authored entries. The entries together form a comprehensive picture of the science of ecology and its major subdisciplines. Individually, the entries are succinct, informative, state-of-the-art reviews for use as research references or teaching aids. The Encyclopedia of Ecology covers many facets of this wide-ranging and far-reaching field including:

1. Behavioral ecology

2. Ecological engineering

3. Ecological informatics

4. Ecological modeling

5. Ecological processes

6. Ecosystems

7. Ecotoxicology

8. Evolutionary ecology

9. General ecology

10. Global ecology

11. Human ecology

12. Population dynamics

13. Systems ecology

The encyclopedia is based on a broad and inclusive view of ecology with an emphasis on holistic perspectives. Holism arises because organisms are irreducible from each other and their environments. Therefore, tone and tendency in ecology is toward the holistic range along the continuum of holism–reductionism in science. We can observe and study trees, but we must never forget that the trees are components within the forest system. Ecology deals with the structure and functioning of nature as a system.

The section on general ecology is the largest in the encyclopedia since it forms the bedrock of knowledge developed over a century of ecological research. These characteristics of fundamental ecology are what one would expect to find in any textbook. Additional entries cover the major ecosystem types, including their distribution and unique features. Key basic ecological processes are given a wide coverage in the encyclopedia, as are aspects of global ecology. Both natural and abiotic components are considered. The central question in this context deals with ‘How are natural ecological dynamics influenced by the introduction of new components?’. This question draws from the well-represented field of ecotoxicology. As we move away from primary questions dealing with pristine natural environments, the interplay of organisms and their environment extends to include human action.

Ecology also plays an important role in the management and stewardship of environmental resources. In the mid-1960s, we experienced a renewed awareness and concern for the environment, sparked in part by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, growing human population, and conspicuous air and water pollution. Environmental problems are rooted in how humans influence nature and to understand these interactions between man and nature fully, we need ecology, because ecology focuses on the organization, processes, and changes in nature. There is no doubt that the environmental problems have accelerated the development of ecology while at the same time our increased knowledge about the functioning of ecosystems has been implemented in ecologically friendly design. Each successive environmental alarm, from ozone depletion to biodiversity loss to eutrophication to climate change, has pushed the envelope of ecological knowledge. More and more resources are directed towards research to help us understand the natural world and our role as a dominant species in it. Our policies towards environmental management require us to be able to ask and answer ecological questions such as: What will be the impact of a particular chemical released into nature? What is nature’s buffer capacity to accept the release? How can we better manage and design systems to prevent such releases? The answers to these questions require a profound knowledge of nature as a whole, the core questions of ecology.

Out of the need for a better ecological understanding have grown several new subdisciplines in ecology. Many examples are covered in the encyclopedia, but let us mention here three: ecological modeling, ecological engineering, and ecological indicators. First, ecological modeling provides a formal, structured approach to quantify ecological processes in order to understand the methods by which they function. Second, ecological engineering brings design principles from nature into application for basic human needs such as wastewater treatment, sustainable agroecosystems, and lake restoration. The objective is to develop systems that work within the natural order rather than at odds with it. Ecological engineering is based on a close cooperation between humans and nature for the benefit of both. Third, ecological indicators are easy-to-understand metrics to ‘measure the pulse of the ecosystem’. The selection of the appropriate indicators requires accurate knowledge of the ecosystems and their functioning, exactly as indicators for human diseases require knowledge of the medical sciences. The application of ecological indicators to assess ecosystem health is drawing heavily on the entire spectrum of ecological knowledge. Key ideas, methods, and examples of ecological modeling, engineering, and indicators are described in detail in the encyclopedia.

The encyclopedia and entry layout are designed to maximize usability and usefulness of the material for the reader. The entries are alphabetically arranged within ecological subcategories, with running titles. Each entry has a concise synopsis followed by the body of the work, and ending with suggested further readings of the key references related to the subject. As ecology is a holistic science, it is not possible to completely separate one topic from the others. Therefore,cross-references to other entries within the encyclopedia are also given. The appendix contains several informative tables more appropriate to the whole body of work than to any one specific entry topic. The encyclopedia has a comprehensive index allowing the reader to quickly search the wide range of topics. Together, the many entries, like knots in an ecological network, weave together to make a rich tapestry of the science of ecology." (Sven Erik Jørgensen)

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2001 - Jorgensen & Bendoricchio - Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling

 

"This is a thoroughly revised and updated edition of an authoritative introduction to ecological modelling. Sven Erik Jørgensen, Editor-in-Chief of the journal Ecological Modelling, and Giuseppe Bendoricchio, Professor of Environmental Modelling at the University of Padova, Italy, offer compelling insights into the subject. This volume explains the concepts and processes involved in ecological modelling, presents the latest developments in the field and provides readers with the tools to construct their own models."

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2013 - Sanchez - Avaliação de impacto ambiental, conceitos e métodos 2ª Ed.

 

Prefácio da segunda edição.

Mantendo a estrutura e a sequência dos capítulos, esta segunda edição foi inteiramente revista e atualizada. Inevitavelmente, foi também um pouco ampliada.

Dentre as principais novidades, destacam-se as várias menções aos Padrões de Desempenho Socioambiental da International Finance Corporation (IFC). Recém-lançados quando da primeira edição do livro, em 2006, a nova versão de 2012 desses Padrões tem rapidamente se tornado uma referência internacional que poderá influenciar a prática da avaliação de impacto ambiental (AIA) em vários países. Os Padrões também são adotados pelas instituições financeiras que subscrevem os Princípios do Equador, o que mostra o papel crescente da avaliação de impacto ambiental no âmbito das instituições financeiras privadas.

Uma maior explicitação da noção de hierarquia de mitigação também está presente em vários capítulos, procurando reforçar a ideia de que uma das principais funções da avaliação de impacto ambiental é contribuir para o planejamento de projetos que evitem impactos adversos, e não apenas atenuem esses impactos. No outro extremo da hierarquia, as funções da compensação ambiental e seus diferentes tipos também são discutidas com maior detalhe.

Outros novos temas, como justiça ambiental, serviços ecossistêmicos e impactos sobre a saúde, também foram incorporados a esta edição.

No Cap. 6, mais espaço é dedicado à apresentação de ferramentas e abordagens para a fase de definição de escopo dos estudos de impacto ambiental, etapa onde a prática brasileira evoluiu muito pouco. Este capítulo foi o que mais “engordou”, estando agora um terço maior que na primeira edição.

O Cap. 7 traz uma ampliação da seção sobre custos do processo de AIA. O Cap. 11 também foi ampliado, trazendo mais detalhes sobre ferramentas de avaliação.

Importantes adições foram feitas ao Cap. 13. Suas seções foram mantidas, mas conteúdo foi acrescentado a todas elas, como novos exemplos de mitigação, uma comparação internacional sobre medidas compensatórias e uma atualização sobre boas práticas em reassentamento de populações humanas, entre outras mudanças.

O Cap. 16 apresenta mais exemplos de consulta pública e discorre com maior detalhe sobre as diferenças e similaridades entre as tarefas da consulta oficial e aquelas que, cada vez mais, devem ser realizadas pelos empreendedores e muito antes das audiências oficiais. O capítulo também inclui uma nova seção sobre consulta livre, prévia e informada.

Novos casos e exemplos reais são mencionados, ampliando a lista de EIAs de diversos países citados. Novas referências bibliográficas alertam os estudantes e profissionais da área para a importância de se manter atualizado. Mais referências também foram acrescentadas à seção Recursos, que permite ao leitor localizar fontes de informação e documentos técnicos seja para aprofundar estudos ou pesquisas, seja para melhorar sua prática profissional. Finalmente, um novo índice remissivo com mais de 400 termos facilita a consulta.

Espero que, com estas modificações, Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental: conceitos e métodos tenha se tornado não somente mais atual e mais completo como também mais fácil de ser consultado pelo estudante, pelo pesquisador e pelo profissional.

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2020 - Perez-Miles (Ed.) - New World Tarantulas - Taxonomy, Biogeography and Evolutionary Biology of Theraphosidae

 

"Theraphosid tarantulas impressed naturalists since early times due to their large size, spectacular appearance, and extraordinary behaviors. However, the study of their taxonomy and especially their biology slowly increased until the second half of the twentieth century. The book of Baerg 1958 was one of the first contributions to the biology of North American theraphosids. Since the 1960s, starting with the papers  of Argentinean  arachnologists  Gerschman  de  Pikelin  and  Schiapelli,  the knowledge of the taxonomy of Neotropical tarantulas becomes more rigorous and some genera and subfamilies were seriously reviewed. The first cladistic analysis of Mygalomorphae done by Raven 1985 was a landmark in the taxonomy of the group and stimulated several colleagues to study the phylogeny of several mygalomorph families including Theraphosidae.

During the last few decades, many researchers interested in Theraphosidae from all over the world made relevant contributions in the study of tarantulas, mainly in taxonomical and phylogenetic aspects but also in biological aspects. The development of tarantula hobby also contributed to informal but valuable observations on breeding and other aspects of biology.

I prefer to use the name tarantula for the theraphosid spiders although it was originally used for lycosids because tarantula was widely extended in scientific and popular language for Theraphosidae, and I think the language is alive and dynamic.

I have been working on the taxonomy and biology of tarantulas for more than 40 years. This experience gave me the opportunity and privilege to know most specialists in the world, and I invited most of them to participate in this book. I trust their expertise and knowledge shared in this book could constitute a good motivation for students and researchers to continue developing studies in this fascinating group." (Fernando Perez-Milez)

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2014 - Lewisohn & Prado - Biodiversidade Brasileira_Síntese do atual estado do conhecimento

 

"O Brasil, ao assinar a Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica (CDB) e a Agenda 21, durante a Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (CNUMAD), se comprometeu a implementar uma série de ações em favor da conservação e da utilização sustentável da biodiversidade brasileira.

O primeiro desafio é conhecer esta biodiversidade. O segundo é preservar este legado. O terceiro, e mais complexo, é idealizar um modelo de desenvolvimento que assegure a utilização sustentável dos componentes da diversidade biológica, como um todo.

Ao Ministério do Meio Ambiente coube a tarefa de coordenar a implementação dos compromissos assumidos junto a Convenção, que prevê, em seu artigo 6, o desenvolvimento pelos países signatários de “estratégias, planos ou programas para a conservação e a utilização sustentável da diversidade biológica” e de “integração da conservação e do uso sustentável da diversidade biológica nos planos, programas e políticas setoriais”.

Para a formulação de política nacional de biodiversidade brasileira foram preparados, no período de 1998 a 2001, estudos básicos, focalizando o tema sob diferentes aspectos. Foram consolidadas sínteses sobre o perfil do conhecimento da biodiversidade brasileira para os temas: águas doces, invertebrados marinhos, diversidade microbiana, diversidade genética, diversidade de invertebrados terrestres, plantas terrestres, e vertebrados. Estes estudos foram sintetizados pelo Prof. Dr. Thomas Lewinsohn e Dr. Paulo Inácio Prado.

A organização de informações sintetizando o perfil da biodiversidade brasileira mostrou-se um importante instrumento para a gestão da biodiversidade do pais, face ao proeminente papel que ocupa a riqueza e diversidade da biota brasileira no mundo. Ela é fruto de um trabalho que envolveu nossos grandes especialistas e instituições nacionais e pesquisadores de todas as regiões do país, que ofereceram respostas para gerar informações que trarão um grande avanço no conhecimento da biodiversidade brasileira.

Os estudos demonstraram que o Brasil abriga a maior diversidade biológica dentre os 17 países megadiversos, que reúnem 70% das espécies de animais e vegetais catalogadas até o presente no mundo. Estima-se que o país possua de 15 a 20% de toda a diversidade biológica mundial e o maior número de espécies endêmicas do globo. São conhecidas cerca de 45 mil espécies de plantas superiores (22% do total mundial), 524 de mamíferos (131 endêmicos), 517 anfíbios (294 endêmicos), 1.677 espécies de aves (191 endêmicas), 468 répteis (172 endêmicos). Estima-se que haja cerca de 3.000 espécies de peixes de agua doce e cerca de 1 a 1,5 milhões de insetos, podendo porém superar os 10 milhões de espécies.

Com muito orgulho, o Ministério do Meio Ambiente apoia esta publicação de forma a poder divulgá-la amplamente para um público que inclui tomadores de decisões, autoridades públicas, executores e proponentes de projetos; e órgãos setoriais, instituições de ensino, de pesquisa e de extensão, dentre outros." (Bráulio Ferreira de Souza Dias)

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2017 - Mancina & Flores - Diversidad biológica de Cuba, métodos de inventário, monitoreo y coleciones biológicas

 

"Es frecuente en la actualidad encontrar libros que aborden temas biológicos, relacionados con la identificación y clasificación de grupos de seres vivos particulares, así como sobre las metodologías de trabajo especializado que se emplean para su estudio, en correspondencia con diferentes ópticas de investigación. Otros por el contrario se basan en el análisis conceptual de procesos biológicos generales que involucran a diferentes niveles de organización de los sistemas vivientes, sobre todo, relacionados con poblaciones y comunidades. No obstante, en la presente obra el lector encontrará a lo largo de sus 22 capítulos, un compendio de información actualizada, único de su tipo en Cuba, que abarca los grupos más conspicuos de nuestra biodiversidad. Este es el resultado del esfuerzo mancomunado de destacados especialistas de diversas instituciones nacionales, que bajo una óptica común han aunado esfuerzos para sistematizar sus conocimientos y organizarlos de manera uniforme, coherente y atractiva. 

La obra resultante será de gran utilidad tanto para estudiantes de las ramas biológicas y afines, como para especialistas y técnicos que encontrarán en este apretado volumen, respuestas a muchas interrogantes, antes de abordar investigaciones de campo con diferentes alcances, sobre la biodiversidad cubana. Resulta novedoso el nivel de organización logrado en todos sus capítulos, en los cuales se sintetizan, a lo largo de una línea preconcebida, los elementos esenciales a tener en cuenta por los estudiosos de la biología. Línea que parte de elementos generales del grupo bajo estudio y avanza con rigor a través de caracteres taxonómicos específicos, apoyados con esquemas y excelentes fotografías que permiten ganar en claridad sobre las diferencias entre las categorías taxonómicas bajo análisis. 

Destaca a continuación la incorporación de métodos para la evaluación poblacional, con una visión amplia y crítica que propone al lector tanto los más utilizados, como otros que según las necesidades de la investigación, se pueden usar para obtener resultados acorde con los objetivos trazados. Una óptica similar se sigue en relación con la recolecta y toma de muestras biológicas en el campo, tanto para el desarrollo de investigaciones como para el fomento de colecciones científicas en las instituciones autorizadas. Las claves presentes en muchos capítulos, así como la relación de especies registradas en nuestro territorio, en otros, son un aporte más al acervo cultural de todo aquel que atesora conocimientos sobre nuestra biodiversidad.

Se destaca al final de cada capítulo una amplia y actualizada bibliografía, que no sólo justifica los elementos ofrecidos al lector, sino también constituye una sugerencia para el estudio y profundización de los contenidos presentados y con ello un aporte a la superación y unificación de criterios entre los especialistas dedicados al estudio de cada uno de los grupos de la biodiversidad incorporados.

En general resulta loable el esfuerzo realizado por los editores para sintetizar y organizar en esta esmerada presentación tal cúmulo de información, que de seguro constituirá en lo adelante una base metodológica para la elaboración de protocolos de investigación encaminados a discernir sobre aspectos básicos relacionados con el estudio y conservación de nuestra biota." (Dr. C. Martín Acosta Cruz)

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1967 - McArthur & Wilson - Island Biogeography

"This book had its origin when, about five years ago, an ecologist (MacArthur) and a taxonomist and zoogeographer (Wilson) began a dialogue about common interests in biogeography. The ideas and the language of the two specialties seemed initially so different as to cast doubt on the usefulness of the endeavor. But we had faith in the ultimate unity of population biology, and this book is the result. Now we both call ourselves biogeographers and are unable to see any real distinction between biogeography and ecology. 

A great deal of faith in the feasibility of a general theory is still required. We do not seriously believe that the particular formulations advanced in the chapters to follow will fit for very long the exacting results of future empirical investigation. We hope instead that they will contribute to the stimulation of new forms of theoretical and empirical studies, which will lead in turn to a stronger general theory and, as R. A. Fisher once put it, “a tradition of mathematical work devoted to biological problems, comparable to the researches upon which a mathematical physicist can draw in the resolution of special difficulties.” Already some strains have appeared in the structure. These have been discussed frankly, if not always satisfactorily, in the text.

We owe the strains, as well as many improvements, to colleagues who read the entire first draft. We are very grateful to John T. Bonner, William L. Brown, Jr., Walter Elsasser, Carl Gans, Henry Horn, Robert F. Inger, E. G. Leigh, Richard Levins, Daniel A. Livingstone, Monte Lloyd, Thomas Schoener, and Daniel Simberloff for this favor. We are also indebted to William H. Bossert, Philip J. Darlington, Bassett Maguire, Ernst Mayr, and Lawrence B. Slobodkin for critically reading selected portions of the manuscript; and to J. Bruce Falls, Kenneth Crowell, Bassett Maguire, Ruth Patrick, and Bernice G. Schubert for adding new materials. A preliminary draft of the book was used as a text in graduate seminars at Harvard University and Princeton University in the fall of 1966 and has thus benefited from a testing in the classroom.

The illustrations were prepared by John Kyrk. The typescript and much of the bibliography and index were prepared by Kathleen Horton with the assistance of Muriel Randall. Our personal research projects have been generously supported from the beginning by grants from the National Science Foundation and our respective home institutions."

Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson, Dezembro de 1966.

 

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2007 - Whittaker & Fernandez-Palacios - Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation 2ª Ed.

 

Island biogeography is an important subject for several reasons. First, it has been and remains a field which feeds ideas, theories, models, and tests of same into ecology, evolutionary biology, and biogeography. This is because islands provide natural scientists with model systems—replicated and simplified contexts—allowing us to isolate particular factors and processes and to explore their effects. Secondly, some of these theories have had great weight placed upon them in applications in nature conservation, as scientists and conservationists attempt to understand, predict and manage the biodiversity impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation. Thirdly, in our modern age of anthropogenic extinctions, islands qualify as ‘hotspots’: combining the attributes of high levels of unique biodiversity, of recent species extinctions, and of likely future species losses. The protection of the unique biological features of island ecosystems presents us with a considerable challenge, not only ecologically, but also because of the fragmented nature of the resource, scattered across all parts of the globe and all political systems, and generally below the horizons of even global media networks. It is our hope that this book will foster an increased interest in island ecology, evolution, and conservation and that it will be of value for students and researchers working in the fields of the life and environmental sciences.

This second edition is built upon the foundations of the first edition but has been substantially reorganized and updated to reflect what we consider the most important developments in island biogeography over the last decade. As will become evident to those who dip into this volume, we cover a great deal more than the biology of the systems. Indeed, we have expanded our coverage of the developmental history and environmental dynamics of islands in this second edition. Much fascinating new work has been published in this arena, and it is proving to be fundamental to improving our understanding of island evolution and ecology.

Another feature of this revision is the inclusion of a great deal of material on the island region of Macaronesia (the Happy Islands), and particularly of the Canaries. These islands are the Atlantic equivalent of Hawaii and the Galápagos, providing a rich mix of geological and evolutionary–ecological insights on the one hand and biodiversity conservation problems on the other. Much new and exciting work has been published on these islands since the first edition of this book was written, and we were keen to bring some of this work to the attention of a wider audience of students and scholars.

Island biogeography is a dynamic field. Whilst many ideas and themes have long pedigrees, new ideas, and insights continue to be generated, often building on long-running debates. We have attempted to reflect the diversity of viewpoints and interpretations within the field, although inevitably the selection of material reflects our own biases and interests.

There are many people we would like to thank, not least our students and the members of our research groups, with whom we have enjoyed illuminating discussions on many island themes. Ian Sherman, our editor at OUP, provided encouragement, help, and good advice at all stages of the project, and we thank him, Stefanie Gehrig, and their colleagues at the Press, for all their efforts. We thank the following colleagues for variously commenting on draft material, supplying answers to queries, and discussion of ideas: Gregory H. Adler, Rubén Barone, Paulo Borges, Pepe Carrillo, James H. Brown, Juan Domingo Delgado, Lawrence Heaney, Scott Henderson, Paco Hernán, Joaquín Hortal, Hugh Jenkyns, Richard Ladle, Mark Lomolino, Águedo Marrero, Aurelio Martín, Bob McDowall, Leopoldo Moro, Manuel Nogales, Pedro Oromí, Jonathan Price, Mike Rosenzweig, Dov Sax, Ángel Vera, and James Watson. All errors and omissions are of course our own to claim. Most of the figures were drawn by Ailsa Allen. Sue Stokes helped in compilation of material. We are grateful to those individuals and organizations who granted permission for the reproduction of copyright material: the derivation of which is indicated in the relevant figure and table legends, supported by the bibliography. Finally, we thank our families, Angela, Mark, and Claire and Neli, José Mari, and Quique, for all their support and tolerance during the preparation of this book. (Robert J.Whittaker and José Maria Fernández-Palacios)

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1997 - Daily et al. - Nature's Services: Societal Dependence On Natural Ecosystems

 

"The effort behind this book was initiated after dinner one night, under the Arizona desert sky, at an annual meeting of the Pew Fellows in Conservation and the Environment. A small group gathered informally to lament the near total lack of public appreciation of societal dependence upon natural ecosystems. This ignorance represents but one of a complex of interacting factors responsible for today’s array of anthropogenic disruptions of the biosphere. Yet it clearly represents a major hindrance to the formulation and implementation of policy designed to safeguard earth’s life-support systems. Moreover, lack of understanding of the character and value of natural ecosystems traces ultimately to a failure of the scientific community to generate, synthesize, and effectively convey the necessary information to the public.

A collective strategy to address this problem emerged from the group’s discussion, the first phase of which consisted of producing a rigorous, detailed synthesis of our current understanding of a suite of ecosystem services and a preliminary assessment of their economic value. Thus, our first task was to assemble a broad, interdisciplinary group of natural and social scientists to undertake this work. The individuals we approached were extremely enthusiastic and remained so throughout the project development, reflecting a widely shared recognition of the need for such a book. After producing a first draft of the chapters, contributors met in Purity Springs, New Hampshire (as a special session of the next year’s Pew Fellows meeting), to present and get feedback on their approach and analysis, and to discuss overarching issues pertaining to the whole book. This session was very productive, thanks in no small part to the participation of a large number of Pew Fellows not otherwise engaged in the undertaking. It led to the production of two additional chapters to make the book more comprehensive and coherent.

Coordinating this effort has been a great pleasure from the start, thanks to the support of the contributors, the Island Press staff, and the funders. I could not imagine a group of contributors more enthusiastic, timely, and responsive to queries, reviewers’ suggestions, and general harassment. Nor could I conceive of more helpful and knowledgeable editors: Barbara Dean and Kristy Manning were fully engaged in every aspect of shaping the book. External reviewers of the chapters provided constructive criticism in the best sense; we were very fortunate to have the economics expertise of Michael Dalton and David Layton, who kindly reviewed the book end to end. The project was made possible by the generous support of the Packard Foundation, the Pew Charitable Trusts, and the W. Alton Jones Foundation; in addition, I was supported during the development of the book by the Winslow and Heinz foundations and by Peter and Helen Bing.

Scott Daily, Frédéric Lelièvre, and Kirsten Ziegenhagen were very helpful and encouraging with various aspects of the book. Jill Otto kindly tracked down obscure references, and Pat Browne and Steve Masley provided tremendous assistance with photocopying. I am grateful to Peter Bing, Sam Hurst, Donald Kennedy, Jonathan Lash, Peter Raven, Walter Reid, Kelsey Wirth, and Tim and Wren Wirth for freely offering advice and assistance with each phase of the group effort. Finally, I owe a special debt to Paul Ehrlich, Michael Kleeman, Jane Lubchenco, John Peterson Myers, Chuck Savitt, and Jeanne Sedgwick for providing extremely valuable insight and guidance on the overall course of this joint undertaking." (Gretchen C. Daily)

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2012 - Maia-Silva et al. - Guia de plantas visitadas por abelhas na Caatinga

 

"O “Guia de plantas da caatinga visitadas por abelhas” insere-se nos  objetivos do Projeto “De Olho na Água” como parte das ações integradas e participativas, fundamentadas em pesquisas científicas e na aplicação de técnicas ecossustentáveis.

A longo prazo, o manejo de abelhas nativas tem um propósito maior além da geração de renda suplementar que a produção de mel pode proporcionar. O ganho maior é a conservação da flora nativa, que tem nesses polinizadores um dos vetores mais importantes para a manutenção da qualidade dos ecossistemas e, consequentemente, da qualidade de vida de todas as espécies. 

Patrocinado pela Petrobras, através do Programa Petrobras Ambiental, o Projeto “De Olho na Água” apresenta esse Guia como o resultado da articulação entre o saber científico e a prática sustentável dos recursos naturais. Daí sua importância num momento crucial em que a humanidade discute em fóruns internacionals a necessidade de um novo paradigma na relação do homem com a natureza. A escolha de implementar este trabalho de plantas visitadas pelas abelhas no Projeto “De Olho na Água” , com a Fundação Brasil Cidadão, foi pelo excelente trabalho de conservação da natureza, em especial do manguezal, desenvolvido em Icapuí, a valorização local do capital natural e a formação de uma nova geração que vai fazer a diferença na gestão dos recursos naturais. 

Este Guia é útil para o reconhecimento destas plantas essenciais para as abelhas que estão na caatinga. Foi construído baseado em trabalhos de campo de teses de doutoramento e projetos de pesquisa desenvolvidos por pesquisadores da Universidade de São Paulo e da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, com apoio das agências financiadoras de pesquisa CAPES e CNPq. O estudo identificou as plantas com flores da caatinga e a utilização destes recursos florais pelas abelhas.  Temos árvores, arbustos, herbáceas e trepadeiras importantes para as abelhas da caatinga. Os ramos floridos foram coletados para identificação por especialistas e depositados no Herbário da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. 

Desta forma, temos à disposição informações úteis para a população em geral, assim como para aqueles que se dedicam à jardinagem e paisagismo com plantas nativas da caatinga, pois falamos  sobre as flores observadas, suas formas, tamanhos, cores e época de florescimento. As fotografias foram feitas especialmente para este guia. 

Uma aplicação importante deste conhecimento é o incentivo à construção de jardins para polinizadores, uma ação que já é implementada em várias partes do mundo, para conservar as abelhas. Esses jardins podem ter tamanhos variados e são utilizados em residências, escolas, ruas, praças e parques."

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2014 - Scaglia - Manual de Entomologia Forense

O presente livro vem preencher uma lacuna, de há muito existente, na área prática das Ciências Forenses, no País.

Não se trata de ignorar outras obras similares, e de valor, neste campo, no estrangeiro, mas que justamente por isso foram estruturadas e adaptadas a uma realidade completamente diferente da nossa.

Destarte, depois de onze anos de convivência diuturna no Instituto de Criminalística, primeiro do Departamento Estadual de Polícia Técnico-Científica (DEPC), depois transformado em Superintendência de Polícia Técnico-Científica (SPTC) do Estado de São Paulo, estamos a oferecer a síntese de nossas experiências. Assim, das mesmas poderão utilizar-se colegas, principiantes ou não, de forma a não deixar se perderem elementos de prova valiosos, quer na complexidade da cena de crime, quer nas dificuldades do exame necroscópico.

Estreitamente correlacionada com a atuação forense, está a função pericial, que na área criminal envolve tanto os Peritos Criminais como os Médicos-Legistas, da parte dos quais hão de ser envidados todos os esforços para auxiliar a Justiça na busca da verdade real. Sem paixões, mas com denodo, sem corporativismo preconcebido, mas com a isenção de quem tem nas mãos a orientação necessária para a distribuição da Justiça. Por isso é que, nesta obra toda, se esmiúça a prova entomológica. 

As Ciências Forenses – entre as quais a Entomologia, diga-se – não é mais um conjunto de disciplinas que exigem profissionais enciclopedistas, e sim profissionais capazes de trabalhar em equipe, não apenas no silêncio do laboratório mas, também, no fragor do trabalho de campo. Isso porque de há muito as Ciências Forenses deixaram de ser um amontoado cognitivo para transformar-se, talvez até pela própria globalização, em um emaranhado multiprofissional, no qual conhecimentos outrora conservados em compartimentos estanques hoje sedevem imbricar, devem se entrelaçar, permear-se, para constituir um auxílio muito mais profícuo para os operadores do Direito.

A Entomologia, por sua vez, parece ter sido transformada em uma Cinderela, nos meios forenses. Poucos conhecem, a rigor, qual é sua área de abrangência. Menos, ainda, os que a professam no cotidiano. Ínfimo o número, dos que a aplicam. É natural, o adágio francês já bem o resumia: On trouve ce qu’on cherche et... on cherche ce qu’on connaît!

Os que dedilham as músicas apenas de ouvido acham que técnicas sofisticadas e dispendiosas são as panaceias, que tudo resolvem. Ledo engano. 

Afora a identificação dos perfis de DNA, tanto em humanos como nos insetos, cujas larvas devoram os primeiros, saindo dessas sofisticações, ainda o olho arguto e a atenção vivaz são os instrumentos que melhores resultados nos oferecem. 

E aí, aqui e acolá, como ínsulas rebeldes no nosso país ou alhures, em pontos extremos do planeta, excelentes profissionais teimam, resistem e se opõem a essa tendência ao desaparecimento de uma ciência tão antiga, quanto o é a Entomologia.

Na Entomologia Forense, acreditamos que nas Universidades e nos Institutos de Pesquisa se faça necessário começar a pensar, urgentemente, em promover a reativação de algumas áreas, bem como a incentivar o desenvolvimento de outras, notadamente nas Academias de Polícia, onde deveriam ser ministrados cursos de reciclagem, específicos e/ou de formação, tanto para Médicos-Legistas como para Peritos Criminais.

Isso no campo experimental, com pesquisa aplicada, estudos de laboratório, ambientes de trabalho específico, como fonte de ganhos de conhecimentos, aprimoramento dos profissionais, e uma melhor distribuição dos recursos, escassos, com que contam essas instituições.

Importante lembrar que, embora o profissional tenha a sua especialidade (balística, toxicologia, tanatologia, psiquiatria etc.), este deve ter um conhecimento universal e trasdisciplinário, digo, trasdisciplinário, e não multidisciplinário, tampouco intedisciplinário, pois assim continuaríamos separando as ciências e as disciplinas. Na trasdisciplinariedade, não há fronteira entre as ciências. 

É como a faca que, ao cortar as diferentes camadas de um bolo, absorve em sua lâmina o conteúdo de cada uma delas.

Quando observamos uma cena de crime, absorvemos o conteúdo da mesma com a mente aberta, e não apenas pensando na parte de que temos conhecimento, pois, aquilo que não sabemos podemos aprender no trabalho de equipe. Vale o ditame: “Ciúme profissional sim, ciúme entre profissionais, nunca”. (Jorge Alejandro Paulete Scaglia)

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2011 - Esteves - Fundamentos de Limnologia, 3ª ed

"A terceira edição de Fundamentos de Limnologia sintetiza, de maneira muito apropriada e didática, os resultados do grande número de pesquisas realizadas nos últimos anos nos ecossistemas aquáticos continentais brasileiros. Ao longo dos 28 capítulos são apresentadas discussões atualizadas sobre conceitos e práticas relacionadas à ecologia e à preservação desses ecossistemas. Nesse contexto, temas co1no comunidades aquáticas, ciclagem de nutrientes e outros de grande relevância na atualidade, como eutrofização artificial e recuperação de ecossiste1nas aquáticos continentais, são tratados com grande prop1iedade. A relação desses ecossistemas com o efeito estufa e as mudanças globais são temas abordados ao longo de vários capítulos desta obra. 

Em vários capítulos é enfatizado o compromisso que a ciência Limnologia deve assumir no século XXI com a preservação, a recuperação e o manejo racional dos ecossistemas aquáticos continentais brasileiros. Assim sendo, nesta obra são lançadas as bases fundamentais para que a Limnologia no século XXI possa contribuir na solução dos problemas ecológicos relacionados aos recursos aquáticos. 

A terceira edição, atualizada e ampliada de Fundamentos de Limnologia é uma fonte indispensável de informação para a formação de profissionais na área dos ecossistemas aquáticos contextualizados em uma visão integrada e articulada em diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Além disso, a terceira edição de Fundamentos de Limnologia dispõe de conhecimentos indispensáveis para aqueles que estão atuando nos diferentes segmentos da gestão ambiental."

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2018 - Araujo & Vieira-Filho - Biodiversidade na Serra de Santa Catarina - PB, uma proposta de criação do Parque Estadual Serra das Águas Sertanejas

"A Serra de Santa Catarina (SSC), localizada ao oeste da Paraíba, no alto sertão do Estado, é possível observar um gradiente de vegetação que vai desde uma fisionomia arbustiva, passando por uma grande área com porte mais arbóreo, até uma verdadeira floresta decidual. A SSC abriga ainda uma quantidade representativa de nascentes e riachos de uma rede de drenagem que abastece os principais reservatórios de água do alto sertão.

Embora essa paisagem possa representar um pouco do que existia naturalmente na Caatinga, juntamente com a biodiversidade que a compõe, a SSC é um remanescente isolado numa paisagem marcada pelo histórico uso do solo da região Nordeste do Brasil. Adicionalmente, a caça, a retirada de madeira e as queimadas correspondem às principais ameaças à biodiversidade local e, consequentemente, aos produtos e serviços que ela proporciona.

Devido à importância da biodiversidade e geomorforlogia da SSC, foi iniciado o projeto “POTENCIALIDADES PARA CRIAÇÃO DE UNIDADE DE CONSERVAÇÃO DE PROTEÇÃO INTEGRAL NA SERRA DE SANTA CATARINA – PARAÍBA”. Este tem sido apoiado pelo Fundo Brasileiro para Biodiversidade (FUNBIO), através do acordo bilateral regido pela lei Tropical Forest Conservation Act (TFCA) de 1998, que visa à troca de dívidas contraídas por países junto aos Estados Unidos por investimentos na conservação e no uso sustentável das florestas.

O presente livro mostra resultados obtidos neste projeto, os quais apontam para a necessidade de criação de uma unidade de proteção integral na região da Serra de Santa Catarina."

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Escola Superior Aberta do Brasil disponibiliza cursos gratuitos

Até amanhã, dia 30 de junho, a Escola Superior Aberta do Brasil (ESAB) oferece mais de 200 cursos totalmente gratuitos. Após essa data os cursos voltam ao custo normal. A promoção é uma ação promovida pela instituição em virtude da pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus. Os cursos abrangem as mais diversas áreas de conhecimento e possuem carga horária que variam entre 40, 80, 120 e até 240 horas. Vale a pena conferir.

PS: se estiver precisando de uma força com bioestatística, mapas ou formatação de textos, entra em contato que eu posso te ajudar.

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Cursos gratuitos ESAB